Private U.S. Mints and in house metal refineries have numbered in the dozens over the years. Major minting errors from silver rounds to gambling tokens are very popular and eagerly sought by collectors. Erratic record keeping of mintage numbers and identifying which private mint produced major errors can be a challenge to research. It is in-fact on occasion impossible because many rounds and tokens were struck with no identification such as a specific mint's name, privy mark, or mintmark.

First is an undated, uncirculated, large $1 CLUB CAL NEVA gambling token that is an uncentered broadstrike. The private mint that struck this error token is worth a moment of your time.

This private mint was known as the Green Duck Corporation (GDC). GDC started in Chicago, IL and changed ownership numerous times over many decades. It was last operational and located in Hernando, Mississippi. GDC stamped millions of political campaign buttons during the 1930s and into the late 1970s. GDC also struck popular kitchen utensils and collectables of every sort imaginable (including Casino gambling tokens). GDC ceased operations in the early 1990s. You can search and can read more about this long time private mint online: click here.

Note: The Privy mark "GDC" is easily seen on the reverse of this CAL NEVA gambling token just below the numeral 1.

The CAL NEVA casino resort overlooked Lake Tahoe in Reno, Nevada. This particular casino changed ownership many times over the years and included the likes of Hollywood legends Frank Sinatra and (unnamed) infamous mobsters. The border of California and Nevada (State Line) ran smack down the middle of the club/casino itself. It was delineated with a large and visible painted stripe. Certain activities were both legal and illegal depending on which side of the state line you occupied. The CAL NEVA club and casino resort closed in 2005.

Next is an undated $1 brass Binions Horseshoe Casino token. Binions Casino was located in Las Vegas, Nevada.

This obverse was over struck with a previously struck token. This resulted in a 50% indent having a crisp partial brockage of the reverse design on the obverse. Additionally, there is a major die rotation error of 45 degrees between the obverse and reverse dies. In my experience any significant die rotation on these large casino type tokens are seldom encountered.