Private U.S. Mints and in house metal refineries have numbered in the dozens over the years. Major minting errors from silver rounds to gambling tokens are very popular and eagerly sought by collectors. Erratic record keeping of mintage numbers and identifying which private mint produced major errors can be a challenge to research. It is in-fact on occasion impossible because many rounds and tokens were struck with no identification such as a specific mint's name, privy mark, or mintmark.

First is a 1989 $1 Bob Stupaks Casino gambling token struck 50% off-center. This gaming establishment was located in Las Vegas, Nevada and has an interesting history. It was outer-space themed and considered one of the wackiest experiences on the scene in Las Vegas at the time. Bob Stupaks casino closed in 1995.

This error was struck by the United Silver Mint (USM privy mark). I have been unable to find any specific background or historical information on USM. If anyone has any information please do share.

Next is a 1 oz silver Seated Liberty silver round that is both broadstruck and off-center. It is unbranded without any name, privy mark or location. My best effort is it was struck in the late 1970s or early 1980s. I have been unable to find the private mint that struck this error silver round.